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Muslim Women Reformers

Inspiring Voices Against Oppression

Ida Lichter

Cover of Muslim Women ReformersThis stirring compilation of Muslim women's stories from around the world focuses on the voices of reformers who battle fiercely against such barbarisms as stonings, acid attacks, gang rapes, and “honor killings” that go largely unpunished due to discriminatory religious laws and an entrenched patriarchal culture. Each chapter provides an in-depth and up-to-date look at the status of women in Muslim countries, and in compact and often poignant biographies, reformers speak out with passion, humanity, and sometimes humor to expose to the whole world the harsh realities many women experience on a daily basis in many parts of the globe.

While demanding the human, political, and social rights that vast numbers of women lack in many Muslim countries, these heroic women expose political Islam, characterized by a malevolent intent toward progressive Muslim states and the West that manifests itself in violence, misogyny, and theocratic ambition. Many who have fled oppressive societies in Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan alert the West to the gathering dangers of this ideology, yet their stories stilll offer hope and guidance for a better future so long as the struglle for equality persists.

This wide-ranging survey of Muslim women reformers not only concentrates on the Middle East but also on Europe and North America, and author Ida Lichter uncovers some significant emerging trends. For example, she notes that the majority of Muslim feminists would like to see reform contained within Islam. Many criticize their patriarchal culture for suppressing egalitarian views they believe the Koran expresses, and in rallies and even on government-policed Internet blogs, they advocate for a reinterpretation of the holy text. Some demand changes to insidious shari'ah-based laws. Others say that women will never achieve equal treatment under religiously inspired authoritarian ordinances and so they campaign openly for major political and educational reforms.

Extensively documented and deeply absorbing, this vibrant collection of inspiring women demonstrates a groundswell of grassroots change bubbling up from every corner of the Muslim world with the potential to bring even the most conservative sectors of Islam into the twenty-first century.


Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Introduction
p. 15
p. 17
1. Afghanistan
      Background
      Review of Reforms
      Safia Amajan
      Shukria Barakzai
      Wazhma Frogh
      Massouda Jalal
      Malajai Joya
      Meena Keshwar Kamal and RAWA
      Manizha Naderi and WAW (Afghanistan/USA)
      Suraya Parlika
      Nilofar Sakhi
      Sima Samar and Shuhada
p. 21
p. 21
p. 25
p. 30
p. 32
p. 35
p. 38
p. 42
p. 45
p. 49
p. 54
p. 57
p. 59
2. Algeria
      Background
      Khalida Messaoudi
p. 65
p. 65
p. 68
3. Bahrain
      Background
      Wajeeha Al-Baharna
      Ghada Jamsheer
p. 75
p. 75
p. 76
p. 78
4. Bangladesh
      Background
      Taslima Nasreen
p. 83
p. 83
p. 85
5. Canada
      Irshad Manji (Uganda/Canada)
p. 93
p. 93
6. Egypt
      Background
      Ekbal Baraka
      Nonie Darwish (Egypt/USA)
      Aida Seif El-Dawla
      Rabab El-Mahdi
      Nawal El-Saadawi
      Suzanne Mubarak and SMWIPM
      Dalia Ziada
p. 97
p. 97
p. 99
p. 100
p. 104
p. 106
p. 108
p. 111
p. 115
7. France
      Fadela Amara and Ni Putes Ni Soumises (Algeria/France)
      Samira Bellil (Algeria/France)
p. 117
p. 117
p. 120
8. Indonesia
      Background
      Rahima
p. 125
p. 125
p. 129
9. Iran
      Background
      Review of Reforms
      Weblogestan: The Iranian Blogosphere
      Mahboubeh Abbasgholizadeh and Fereshteh Ghazi
      Hana Abdi and Ronak Safarzadeh
      Nasrin Afzali
      Delaram Ali
      Noushabeh Amiri
      Parvin Ardalan
      Homa Arjomand (Iran/Canada)
      Parnaz Azima
      Parvin Darabi
      Shirin Ebadi
      Halef Esfandiari (Iran/USA)
      Azam Kamguian (Iran/UK)
      Mehrangiz Kar (Iran/USA)
      Nahid Keshavarz and Mahboubeh Hosseinzadeh
      Azar Majedi (Iran/UK)
      Ziba Mir-Hosseini (Iran/UK)
      Azar Nafisi (Iran/USA)
      Maryam Namazie (Iran/UK)
      Lili Pourzand (Iran/Canada)
      Maryam Rajavi (Iran/France)
      Shadi Sadr
      Mahsa Shekarloo
      Shahla Sherkar and Zanan Magazine
      Sussan Tahmasebi
p. 131
p. 131
p. 135
p. 142
p. 144
p. 146
p. 147
p. 148
p. 149
p. 150
p. 153
p. 155
p. 156
p. 160
p. 164
p. 166
p. 170
p. 175
p. 176
p. 180
p. 182
p. 185
p. 187
p. 189
p. 190
p. 194
p. 196
p. 199
10. Iraq
      Background
      Houzan Mahmoud (Kurdistan)
      Yanar Mohammed
p. 203
p. 203
p. 205
p. 208
11. Israel and the Palestinian Territories
      Background
      Aswat
      Nissa Wa Aafaq (Women and Horizons)
p. 215
p. 215
p. 216
p. 217
12. Jordan
      Background
      Rana Husseini
p. 219
p. 219
p. 220
13. Kuwait
      Background
      Ibtihal Abd Al-Aziz Al-Kharib
      Nuouriyah Al-Subeeh
      Rola Dashti
p. 225
p. 225
p. 226
p. 227
p. 229
14. Lebanon
      Background
      Lina Abou-Habib
p. 235
p. 235
p. 236
15. Malaysia
      Background
      Marina Mahathir
      Zainah Anwar and Sisters in Islam
p. 239
p. 239
p. 240
p. 243
16. Morocco
      Background
      Fatima Mernissi
p. 247
p. 247
p. 249
17. Nigeria
      Background
      Baobab
p. 253
p. 253
p. 255
18. Pakistan
      Background
      Asma Jahangir
      Muktaran Bibi (Mukhtar Mai)
      Raheel Raza (Pakistan/Canada)
p. 257
p. 257
p. 261
p. 266
p. 270
19. Qatar
      Background
      Sheikha Mozah Bint Nasser Al-Missned
p. 273
p. 273
p. 274
20. Saudi Arabia
      Background
      Review of Reforms
      Maha Akeel
      Rania Al-Baz
      Maha Al-Hujailan
      Wajeha Al-Huwaider
      Hasna Al-Qunair
      Thuraya Al-Shihiri
      Nadia Bakkurji
      Samar Fatany
      Lubna Hussain
      Halima Muzaffar
p. 277
p. 277
p. 282
p. 287
p. 288
p. 290
p. 292
p. 299
p. 300
p. 300
p. 303
p. 305
p. 306
21. Somalia
      Background
      Ayaan Hirsi Ali (Somalia/Holland/USA)
      Hawa Aden Mohamed
p. 307
p. 307
p. 309
p. 315
22. Sudan
      Background
      Awatif Elageed
      Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim
      Taraji Mustafa (Sudan/Canada)
p. 319
p. 319
p. 321
p. 322
p. 325
23. Syria
      Background
      Georgette Atiya
      Wafa Sultan (Syria/USA)
      Syrian Women Observatory
p. 327
p. 327
p. 328
p. 330
p. 333
24. Tunisia
      Background
      Iqbal Al-Gharbi
      Munjiyah Al-Sawaihi
      Raja bin Salama
      Samia Labidi
      Fawzia Zouari
p. 339
p. 339
p. 342
p. 343
p. 344
p. 345
p. 348
25. Turkey
      Background
      Nebahat Akkoç and Ka-Mer
      KA-DER
p. 351
p. 351
p. 353
p. 356
26. United States of America
      Mona Eltahawy
      Asra Nomani
      Amina Wadud
p. 359
p. 359
p. 360
p. 365
27. Yemen
      Elham Mane'a
p. 369
p. 369
28. Male Muslim Activists
      Suliman Al-Salman (Saudi Arabia)
      Sleiman Al-Sleiman (Saudi Arabia)
      Bashir Goth (Somalia)
      Abul Kasem (Bangladesh/Australia)
      Lafif Lakhdar (Tunisia)
      Salman Masalha (Israel)
      Raid Qusti (Saudi Arabia)
p. 371
p. 371
p. 371
p. 372
p. 374
p. 381
p. 383
p. 384
29. Transnational Organizations that Support Muslim Women's Rights
      Women Living under Muslim Law (WLUML)
            Assisting Women's Participation in the Economy:
                  Haifa Al Kaylani and AIWF
      Againt Honor Killings
            International Campaign against Honor Killing (ICAHK)
            LAHA (For Her)
            Gay and Lesbian Rights: Al Fatiha and the Safra Project
p. 389

p. 389
p. 392

p. 395
p. 395
p. 397
p. 399
Appendix:
      Arab Human Development Report:
      The Plight of Arab Women for Equality
Notes
Glossary
Reform Web Sites and Conferences
p. 403


p. 409
p. 497
p. 501

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